Islamic Civilization

The presence of the Prophet Muhammad in the Arab community makes the crystallization of a new experience in the divine dimension that affects all aspects of people's lives, including the laws that are used at the time. The success of the Prophet Muhammad in winning the trust of the Arabs adopted. In the relatively short time he was able to modify the way of life of Arabs.
Part of the value and the pre-Islamic Arab culture, in some ways transformed, and some are forwarded by the Prophet Muhammad in Islamic moral order.

The presence of the Prophet Muhammad, gradually changing the culture that does not humanize humans in terms of the culture that led to the ugliness of a culture that leads to goodness in Islam. Cultures leads kindness of the Prophet Muhammad in the end produce a remarkable civilization of his day. Which estuary of it all is that the Islamic civilization. Islam is very important in creating a remarkable civilization that created during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. And the key actors behind it, he is Prophet Muhammad. Prophet Muhammad is not only as a prophet but he also played as a teacher, educator, leader, military leader, politician, reformer, and others.

Islamic civilization during the Prophet's most radical and phenomenal social change. A fundamental change of the moral depravity of human morality into the civilized world. Civilization at the time of the Prophet based on the principle of self-despair created by the Prophet Muhammad under the guidance of the revelation of Islam. Among these are the following:

1.      Construction of Masjid Quba’

When the Prophet and his companions migrated to Medina, the Ansar who was none other than the Aus and Khazraj eagerly await the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad. When the Prophet came, they came home and greeted him joyfully. Prophet stopped at Quba' for five days. At the Quba’ mosque is the Prophet Muhammad who later became known as Quba’ mosque. This is the first mosque built after the prophethood.

2.      Construction of Masjid Nabawi

It was narrated that the Prophet camel ride to stop somewhere. So the Prophet ordered that in that place was built a mosque. Prophet participated in the construction of the mosque. He lift and move the stones mosque with his own hands. When it was brought to Baitul Maqdis Mecca. When the construction of the mosque is completed, the Prophet entered the marriage with Aisha in the month of Shawwal. Since then known as Yathrib or Medina Madinatur Apostle Al-Munawwarah. The Muslims do various activities at the mosque either to worship, learn, judge them, buying and selling, and so forth. This place is a factor that bring in between them.

3.      Upholding Justice

The mission of the Prophet Muhammad who is the main moral and communities improve and enforce a social system based on justice is far from oppression. The Prophet wanted to create a society full of justice and compassion. When the Prophet wanted to establish such a society is dealing with his enemies the enemies of justice and compassion. Therefore, the Prophet involvement in politics was so far against injustice and tyranny. He made the constitution based on consultation with the Jews, Christian, and pagans are not religious. All to build a life in the city of Medina. If the Jews were attacked, others will help, and if Muslims were attacked, the others will help. Medina became a city pluralistic owned by various religions. One thing that continues to be upheld by the Prophet in Medina is justice, including justice for other classes. In Al-Quran Surah Al-Maida stated:

“Meaning: Hi people who believe! So people are always uphold the (truth) for Allah, bearing witness with justice. and let not hatred of anything the time, encouraging you to apply unfair. Be fair, as fair it is closer to piety. and fear Allah, for Allah knows what you do.”

The verse above explain that struggle is for justice to be done. Reform of the Prophet Muhammad first thing is to change a society based on oppression to a society based on justice. One of the elements of a society based on justice is a society that abides by the law. All persons subject to the law, no one can escape the law.

4.      The brotherhood between the Emigrants and Helpers

Bring together the Prophet among Muslims. They then share their home, even their wives and their property. Brotherhood is going stronger than brotherhood only by descent. With this fellowship, the Prophet Muhammad has created a unity based on religion instead of unity based on tribes.

5.      Agreement for Mutual Help Between Muslims and Non-Muslims

In Madinah, there are three classes of people. Muslims, Arabs, and the non-Muslims and Jews (Banu Nadir, Bani Quraizhah, and Bani Qainuqa'). Rasulullah SAW did a deal with them for the occurrence of a security and peace. Also to give birth to an atmosphere of mutual aid and tolerance among these groups.

6.      The founding of the People of Islam in ideology

In addition to reforming the justice, the Prophet Muhammad also change the social system based on joy, family, and a community-based group of Islamic ideology: from feeling nomadic tribe to a system based on the Islamic bond or Ukhuwwah Islamiyya. Prophet changing society bound by loyalty to a group of people who are loyal to Islam: from the life of the tribe and the spirit of fanaticism group to life based on Islamic brotherhood.
In the era of Arab society of ignorance, people do not join the race, but the tribes or families, respectively. For example, in the Bani Kinana tribe, Banu Quraysh and Bani Kilab. Faithfulness person depends on his nomadic tribe. If guests come to the tribes, are not only a guest for a person, but for all tribes were. People who are hostile to a person in a tribe, not just an enemy of the individual in question, but also the enemy of all that tribe members. If there are people who killed them, all the tribes will defend him. It does not matter whether the person is right or wrong.

The Prophet taught the Arabs to leave the whole tribes were. They have to seek protection one, that is God Almighty. With the coming of the Prophet, all the many tribes as if given the choice between the two tribes alone, "tribes" and the tribes besides Allah AllahSWT. The Qur'an mentions tribes other than Allah is as Evil. Allah is the “Maula” for the believers.

In Surah Muhammad Allah says:

Meaning: “that is because Allah is the protector of those who believe, and because the fact that the disbelievers have no protector.”

Allah confirms that people who converted to Islam to leave allegiance to tribes. Their loyalty is to be offered to one that is only Allah. These two reforms undertaken by the Prophet: the changing of loyalty to the group and family loyalty to Allah, His Messenger and the believers.

Messenger of Allah appointed him as the representative of God on this earth and the people are believers. Basic loyalty that binds us to God and His Messenger are sentences creed: " Asyhadu an la ilaaha illa Allah wa asyhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah”.

7.      Laying Principles of Political, Economic, and Social

Islam is a religion and it is appropriate if the state laid the foundation of Islam. Messenger of Allah SWT with all his efforts have established the city of Medina in a life full of noble and core values. There was an honest and strong brotherhood, there is a strong solidarity among members of the community. Thus, it means that this is the first Islamic society built-Prophet Muhammad with the principles of eternal principle.

Systematically, the civilization made by the Prophet in Islamic societies in Yathrib were: First, the Prophet Muhammad to Medina changed the name Yathrib (Madinah Al-Rasul, An-Nabi Madina, or Madina Al-Munawwarah). Changes not happen by chance, but the change of name that describes the ideals of the Prophet Muhammad, which form an orderly society and advanced and civilized. Second, build the mosque, building mosques. The mosque is not only used as a center of ritual prayers, but also become an important means to unite the Muslims with deliberation in negotiating the problems faced. In addition, the mosque also became the center of government. Thirdly, the Prophet Muhammad established mu'akhat activities (fraternity), which bring together the immigrants with Ansar. Brotherhood is expected to bind to the Muslims in the brotherhood and kinship. Prophet Muhammad established a new brotherhood, the brotherhood in religion, in addition to the form of a pre-existing relationship, which is a form of brotherhood based on blood. Fourth, establish friendships with others who are not Muslims. And fifth, the Prophet Muhammad formed an army to anticipate disturbances committed by the enemy.