Showing posts with label islamic religion. Show all posts
Showing posts with label islamic religion. Show all posts
The last unit told how
the Muslims argued about who should be the caliph. Some supported Ali. Ali was
Muhammad’s closest living relative. He was his cousin and married to his
youngest daughter, Fatima. Other Muslims supported Muawiya, Uthman’s cousin. Muawiya was one of the powerful Umayad
family. They were part of the Koraish tribe who first opposed Muhammad. Many of
them had only become Muslims just before Muhammad died. Muawiya’s supporters
said that it was wrong for the leadership of Islam to stay in Muhammad’s
family. They said that the most able Muslim should be the leader. He should
rule by using the Koran and Muhammad’s ways (Sunnah). These were called the Sunni.
Ali’s supporters said
thet Muhammad’s family should succeed him and that he had trained Ali as his
successor. They didn’t accept that Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman had been real
caliphs. Some of them cursed them in their chants. They thought that Muawiya
and his followers were half-hearted Muslims, more interested in power than Islam.
Ali’s supporters were called Shia Ali
(party of Ali), or Shi’ites for short.
When Ali died, his son
Husain tried to get caliphate back for his family. But he was killed in battle
and became a Shi’ite martyr. The Shi’ites never regained control of Islam.
There were always many more Sunni. Today, about ten per cent of Muslims are
Shi’ites. But they were a powerful minority. Iran is ruled by Shi’ites. Many
more Shi’ites live in Pakistan and Iraq. They believe that one day the final
successor to Ali, called the Mahdi,
will come to set up the perfect Muslim state.
At Muhammad’s death the
gentle, faithful but aged Abu Bakr was appointed caliph. His commanders, with
his blessing, set out on a jihad (holy war) against Syria. Abu Bakr died after
reigning only two years. He was followed by the bad-tempered Umar (634-644)
then the aged and incompetent Uthman (644-656). Both of these men were killed
by angry subjects,
Ali, son-in-law of
Muhammad, became the fourth caliph (656-661). But some Muslims wouldn’t accept
him. Ali spent his entire five year reign in internal warfare. One of his
enemies was Ayesha, Muhammad’s widow. In 656, at the Battle of Basra, she was
taken prisoner on a battlefield strewn with 13.000 corpses. Ali, always
merciful, kept here safe but under guard where she could do him no harm in 661
he too was killed by an assassin.
In 681, Husain and
about 70 men were surrounded at Karbala by an army of 4.000 supporters of
Yazid, Muawiya’s son. They were close to water but Yazid’s army denied them
drink. For eight days, they tried to get Husain to give up his claim to be the
next caliph, but he refused.
Outnumbered, his
followers were killed. When Husain held out his baby son for mercy, an arrow,
fired through the baby’s neck, pinned him to Husain’s arm. At the end, the body
of Husain, riddled with arrows, was trampled in the mud. His head was hacked
off and taken back to Yazid. The shrine where Husain was buried at Karbala
became a holy place for Shi’ites. They worship there every year and weep for
the victory of evil over good. They promise to defend their beliefs as Husain
did.
The last unit told how
the Muslims argued about who should be the caliph. Some supported Ali. Ali was
Muhammad’s closest living relative. He was his cousin and married to his
youngest daughter, Fatima. Other Muslims supported Muawiya, Uthman’s cousin. Muawiya was one of the powerful Umayad
family. They were part of the Koraish tribe who first opposed Muhammad. Many of
them had only become Muslims just before Muhammad died. Muawiya’s supporters
said that it was wrong for the leadership of Islam to stay in Muhammad’s
family. They said that the most able Muslim should be the leader. He should
rule by using the Koran and Muhammad’s ways (Sunnah). These were called the Sunni.
Ali’s supporters said
thet Muhammad’s family should succeed him and that he had trained Ali as his
successor. They didn’t accept that Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman had been real
caliphs. Some of them cursed them in their chants. They thought that Muawiya
and his followers were half-hearted Muslims, more interested in power than Islam.
Ali’s supporters were called Shia Ali
(party of Ali), or Shi’ites for short.
When Ali died, his son
Husain tried to get caliphate back for his family. But he was killed in battle
and became a Shi’ite martyr. The Shi’ites never regained control of Islam.
There were always many more Sunni. Today, about ten per cent of Muslims are
Shi’ites. But they were a powerful minority. Iran is ruled by Shi’ites. Many
more Shi’ites live in Pakistan and Iraq. They believe that one day the final
successor to Ali, called the Mahdi,
will come to set up the perfect Muslim state.
At Muhammad’s death the
gentle, faithful but aged Abu Bakr was appointed caliph. His commanders, with
his blessing, set out on a jihad (holy war) against Syria. Abu Bakr died after
reigning only two years. He was followed by the bad-tempered Umar (634-644)
then the aged and incompetent Uthman (644-656). Both of these men were killed
by angry subjects,
Ali, son-in-law of
Muhammad, became the fourth caliph (656-661). But some Muslims wouldn’t accept
him. Ali spent his entire five year reign in internal warfare. One of his
enemies was Ayesha, Muhammad’s widow. In 656, at the Battle of Basra, she was
taken prisoner on a battlefield strewn with 13.000 corpses. Ali, always
merciful, kept here safe but under guard where she could do him no harm in 661
he too was killed by an assassin.
In 681, Husain and
about 70 men were surrounded at Karbala by an army of 4.000 supporters of
Yazid, Muawiya’s son. They were close to water but Yazid’s army denied them
drink. For eight days, they tried to get Husain to give up his claim to be the
next caliph, but he refused.
Outnumbered, his
followers were killed. When Husain held out his baby son for mercy, an arrow,
fired through the baby’s neck, pinned him to Husain’s arm. At the end, the body
of Husain, riddled with arrows, was trampled in the mud. His head was hacked
off and taken back to Yazid. The shrine where Husain was buried at Karbala
became a holy place for Shi’ites. They worship there every year and weep for
the victory of evil over good. They promise to defend their beliefs as Husain
did.
The
Five Pillars of Islam are the most fundamental principal
obligation which must be carried out by a Muslim and should not be abandoned.
These pillars include 5 cases, they are Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the
finality of the prophethood of Muhammad; Establishment of the daily prayers; Concern
for and almsgiving to the needy; Self-purification through fasting; and The
pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able.
The Five Pillars of Islam in the Hadith
عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ
رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُوْلُ : بُنِيَ اْلإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ :
شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُوْلُ اللهِ
وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ وَإِيْتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَصَوْمُ
رَمَضَانَ. [رواه الترمذي ومسلم ]
1.
The Testimony of Faith
(Shahada)
Shahada is the entrance to Islam;
legitimate requirement of faith is testified by the two sentences of the
Declaration. Shahada (testimony of faith) has the meaning of utter by the
tongue, confirmed by the liver and then put it into practice through deeds. As
for those who say it verbally but did not know the meaning and do not practice
then there is no benefit at all to the creed.
2.
Prayer:
Pray five times a day is the
command of Allah, which is prescribed to be a means of interaction between God
and a Muslim where he prayed to Him. Also to be a means of prevention for a
Muslim from shameful and unjust deeds so that he gained peace of mind and body
that can make her happy in this world and hereafter.
God requires in prayer, sacred body,
clothes, and a place used for prayer. Then a Muslim clean themselves with holy
water from all unclean things such as small and large water in order to cleanse
the body of filth born of unclean mind and his heart.
3.
Fasting the Month of
Ramadan:
The next pillar is fasting during
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar month. A Muslim intend to fast
before dawn (dawn) light. Then restrain from eating, drinking and jima' (wife
came) and its passions until sundown for a month of Ramadan.
4.
Giving Zakat (Support
of the Needy):
The next pillar of Islam is zakat
issued. God has commanded every Muslim who has property to emit charity reaches
nisab fortune every year. He gave to those who deserve it, namely 8 class as
explained in the Qur'an.
5.
The Pilgrimage to Makkah:
Fifth pillar of Islam is the
pilgrimage to the House Mecca once in a lifetime for those who can afford. The
rest is then a sunnah. Obligation once in a lifetime, and for those who can
afford this is the love of God to his people who do not have the ability to
pilgrimage. But at least for those who can not afford too must have the
intention and desire to carry it out.
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