Showing posts with label islamic articles. Show all posts
Showing posts with label islamic articles. Show all posts
Justice is one of the most important
pillars of Islam. We cannot imagine how a society can be good without justice.
Therefore, Allah made justice a pillar that supports the heavens and the earth.
He ordered all the Apostles to uphold justice and not to view it as a trivial
matter.
Al-Jurjani stated that justice is, “A
middle condition between neglect and exaggeration. Fair in the term syara'
means being consistent in the path of truth and staying away from things that
are forbidden in Islam.”
In several places in the Qur'an, there
are several verses that encourage people to do justice and stay away from
tyranny and cruelty. Allah said, "Verily Allahorder (you) to act justly
and do good, give to relatives, and God forbids abomination, evil and enmity.
He gives you lessons so that you can take lessons.” (An-Nahl:90)
In another part of the Qur'an, God
said, "O you who believe, be the ones who truly uphold justice, be
witnesses for God even against yourselves or your parents and relatives. If he
is rich or poor, then God knows best the benefits. So do not follow lust
because they want to deviate from the truth. And if you twist (words) or are
reluctant to be witnesses, then verily Allah is Knowing of all that you
do." (An-Nahl: 135)
Fair is one of the noble qualities
possessed by the Prophet e. He always motivates his friends to make justice a
way of life. It was narrated from Abdullah bin Amru, that he said, "The
Messenger of Allah said, "Indeed, those who are just in the sight of Allah
are on the pulpits of light, having a commendable position with the Most
Merciful, His two "hands" are "right." They are people who
are just in their power, fair to the family and in runningauthority."
From Anas bin Malik t from the Prophet
e, he said, "If you rule, then act justly! If you kill, then (do it) by
doing good, because indeed God is the One who does good and He loves those who
do good (muhsinin)."
The call from the Prophet for this
nation to do justice was delivered by a great friend named Rabi bin Amir t.
Companions conveyed the call of the Prophet when he spoke with Rustum, one of
the leaders of the Persian nation. The Rabbi said, “Allah has sent us to invite
those whom He wills to move from worshiping creatures to worshiping Allah,
moving from a narrow world to a wide world, moving from unjust religions to a
just Islam. " Thus, before the ruler of Persia, this great friend is proud
of the justice that is prescribed by straight Islam. With the concept of
fairness taught by Islam, every human being knows his rights and obligations.
This is the theoretical side of the noble educational values that form the basis for the establishment of the state. Through the following presentations, we describe some practical aspects of the value of justice practiced by Muslim leaders in the noble history of Islam.
Khadijah (555-620), first wife of
Muhammad, was a wealthy widow and trader who employed him to work as a business
agent for her caravans. They married when he was 25 and she was 40. They were
married for 25 years. They had six children, though early for survived. Fatima is
the most famous of their children. She supported Muhammad through the difficult
years of his revelations and was the first convert to Islam.
Fatima was the daughter of Muhammad and
his first wife, Khadijah. Fatima married Ali, her father’s cousin, who was
later to become the fourth caliph (successor of Muhammad as the leader of
Islam). Ali founded the section of Islam called the Shi’ites.
Fatima had two daughters and two sons. The
sons, Hasan and Husain, were later involved in wars fought to decide the
leadership of Islam.
Fatima is regarded by many Muslims as
the ideal woman. Some Muslims believe that Fatima was the product of a virgin
birth. Fatima helped to nurse Muhammad though his final illness and died
herself only a few months after him.
Muhammad had no sons. From 909, a group
called the Fatimids gained control of North Africa. They rules Egypt for almost
300 years and founded the city of Cairo. They claimed to be descended from the
Prophet Muhammad through Fatima.
The last unit told how
the Muslims argued about who should be the caliph. Some supported Ali. Ali was
Muhammad’s closest living relative. He was his cousin and married to his
youngest daughter, Fatima. Other Muslims supported Muawiya, Uthman’s cousin. Muawiya was one of the powerful Umayad
family. They were part of the Koraish tribe who first opposed Muhammad. Many of
them had only become Muslims just before Muhammad died. Muawiya’s supporters
said that it was wrong for the leadership of Islam to stay in Muhammad’s
family. They said that the most able Muslim should be the leader. He should
rule by using the Koran and Muhammad’s ways (Sunnah). These were called the Sunni.
Ali’s supporters said
thet Muhammad’s family should succeed him and that he had trained Ali as his
successor. They didn’t accept that Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman had been real
caliphs. Some of them cursed them in their chants. They thought that Muawiya
and his followers were half-hearted Muslims, more interested in power than Islam.
Ali’s supporters were called Shia Ali
(party of Ali), or Shi’ites for short.
When Ali died, his son
Husain tried to get caliphate back for his family. But he was killed in battle
and became a Shi’ite martyr. The Shi’ites never regained control of Islam.
There were always many more Sunni. Today, about ten per cent of Muslims are
Shi’ites. But they were a powerful minority. Iran is ruled by Shi’ites. Many
more Shi’ites live in Pakistan and Iraq. They believe that one day the final
successor to Ali, called the Mahdi,
will come to set up the perfect Muslim state.
At Muhammad’s death the
gentle, faithful but aged Abu Bakr was appointed caliph. His commanders, with
his blessing, set out on a jihad (holy war) against Syria. Abu Bakr died after
reigning only two years. He was followed by the bad-tempered Umar (634-644)
then the aged and incompetent Uthman (644-656). Both of these men were killed
by angry subjects,
Ali, son-in-law of
Muhammad, became the fourth caliph (656-661). But some Muslims wouldn’t accept
him. Ali spent his entire five year reign in internal warfare. One of his
enemies was Ayesha, Muhammad’s widow. In 656, at the Battle of Basra, she was
taken prisoner on a battlefield strewn with 13.000 corpses. Ali, always
merciful, kept here safe but under guard where she could do him no harm in 661
he too was killed by an assassin.
In 681, Husain and
about 70 men were surrounded at Karbala by an army of 4.000 supporters of
Yazid, Muawiya’s son. They were close to water but Yazid’s army denied them
drink. For eight days, they tried to get Husain to give up his claim to be the
next caliph, but he refused.
Outnumbered, his
followers were killed. When Husain held out his baby son for mercy, an arrow,
fired through the baby’s neck, pinned him to Husain’s arm. At the end, the body
of Husain, riddled with arrows, was trampled in the mud. His head was hacked
off and taken back to Yazid. The shrine where Husain was buried at Karbala
became a holy place for Shi’ites. They worship there every year and weep for
the victory of evil over good. They promise to defend their beliefs as Husain
did.
The last unit told how
the Muslims argued about who should be the caliph. Some supported Ali. Ali was
Muhammad’s closest living relative. He was his cousin and married to his
youngest daughter, Fatima. Other Muslims supported Muawiya, Uthman’s cousin. Muawiya was one of the powerful Umayad
family. They were part of the Koraish tribe who first opposed Muhammad. Many of
them had only become Muslims just before Muhammad died. Muawiya’s supporters
said that it was wrong for the leadership of Islam to stay in Muhammad’s
family. They said that the most able Muslim should be the leader. He should
rule by using the Koran and Muhammad’s ways (Sunnah). These were called the Sunni.
Ali’s supporters said
thet Muhammad’s family should succeed him and that he had trained Ali as his
successor. They didn’t accept that Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman had been real
caliphs. Some of them cursed them in their chants. They thought that Muawiya
and his followers were half-hearted Muslims, more interested in power than Islam.
Ali’s supporters were called Shia Ali
(party of Ali), or Shi’ites for short.
When Ali died, his son
Husain tried to get caliphate back for his family. But he was killed in battle
and became a Shi’ite martyr. The Shi’ites never regained control of Islam.
There were always many more Sunni. Today, about ten per cent of Muslims are
Shi’ites. But they were a powerful minority. Iran is ruled by Shi’ites. Many
more Shi’ites live in Pakistan and Iraq. They believe that one day the final
successor to Ali, called the Mahdi,
will come to set up the perfect Muslim state.
At Muhammad’s death the
gentle, faithful but aged Abu Bakr was appointed caliph. His commanders, with
his blessing, set out on a jihad (holy war) against Syria. Abu Bakr died after
reigning only two years. He was followed by the bad-tempered Umar (634-644)
then the aged and incompetent Uthman (644-656). Both of these men were killed
by angry subjects,
Ali, son-in-law of
Muhammad, became the fourth caliph (656-661). But some Muslims wouldn’t accept
him. Ali spent his entire five year reign in internal warfare. One of his
enemies was Ayesha, Muhammad’s widow. In 656, at the Battle of Basra, she was
taken prisoner on a battlefield strewn with 13.000 corpses. Ali, always
merciful, kept here safe but under guard where she could do him no harm in 661
he too was killed by an assassin.
In 681, Husain and
about 70 men were surrounded at Karbala by an army of 4.000 supporters of
Yazid, Muawiya’s son. They were close to water but Yazid’s army denied them
drink. For eight days, they tried to get Husain to give up his claim to be the
next caliph, but he refused.
Outnumbered, his
followers were killed. When Husain held out his baby son for mercy, an arrow,
fired through the baby’s neck, pinned him to Husain’s arm. At the end, the body
of Husain, riddled with arrows, was trampled in the mud. His head was hacked
off and taken back to Yazid. The shrine where Husain was buried at Karbala
became a holy place for Shi’ites. They worship there every year and weep for
the victory of evil over good. They promise to defend their beliefs as Husain
did.
There are many achievements of Islamic
civilization of which are in the fields of art, literature, architecture, Mosaics, Arabic alphabet, Translation of ancient texts into Arabic, Algebra,
science, medicine, astronomy, etc.
Art
and Architecture
In the field of art, Muslims made so
many contributions to the realm. They beautify the word of Allah and the world
through calligraphy and architectural features. Originally calligraphic art was
used to beautify the Quran but moved away from beautifying texts to objects,
houses, mosques and eventually to architecture in general. The principal
Islamic architectural types are: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace, the Fort,
the School, and urban buildings.
Islamic architecture is known for its
soaring minarets and spires, its fabled domes, its decorated corridors. All
reflect the yearning of Muslims to improve and beautify the world as they place
their energies on buildings and their embellishment.
Astronomy
Islam also has the most significant
influence on the development of astronomy. The first Muslim caliph to pay attention to astronomy was the Abbasid
caliph, Abu Ja`far Al-Mansoor, who encouraged translators and gave them large
amounts of money. During his era, he paid very generously for translators, and
thus some astronomical books were translated into Arabic. The succeeding
caliphs continued in the way of Abu Ja`far in the dissemination of knowledge,
encouragement of the study of astronomy and mathematics, and in the translation
of the works of Euclid, Archimedes, and Ptolemy as well as other Greek
scientists.
Science
and Medicine
Scholars at the Islamic learning centers
also contributed to the scientific world. They dabbled in chemistry and
alchemy, and excelled in astronomy and medicine. They studied ideas from
Greece, Iran and Persia to improve scientific instruments, such as an astrolabe
for telling time. They refined earlier methods for recording scientific
observations, leading to accurate calculations for the movements of the sun and
the moon. As well as in medicine the medical sciences and related fields have
enjoyed great peaks in achievement through Muslim scholarship, which raised
both standards of practice and the status of the physician.
Piety is an effort to keep away
from anything sinful, is by way of leaving what
Allah prohibited, even leaving something that was not prohibited, for fear of falling into the forbidden
or sinful. From
the definition it can be
understood that the righteous are those
who always careful
in all matters, even to matters "mubah" (allowed). Rather than go
to something unlawful, the "syubhat"
(dubious) alone surely he left. This is in accordance with the words of the Prophet Muhammad: "A servant is not going to achieve
the degree of piety that he left what was not
prohibited, so as not to fall to
the things that are prohibited."
(Narrated by Tirmidhi)
Piety is a process. As it has the bridge
ladder rung as a step ladder to reach it. The previous scholars have taught how
to achieve the degree of truth that piety. No other fruit of piety is a strong belief
that fertilized with Khauf (fear of punishment
and the wrath of God), Raja’ (always expect
the abundance of God's grace), and Muraqabahtullah
(being watched by God).
The first process that must be
traversed to reach the Khauf piety or
fear of punishment and the wrath of God. To foster this fear, we first have to recognize
sin and its consequences. Know what is forbidden by Allah and the impact of the
act. Sometimes people commit sins because he does not know if it is forbidden in
the religion. Moreover, if it is already common people do. With the development
of the times, not the least sin and sinners and engineered in such a way that
it can no longer see the difference between gifts and bribes, between usury and
selling, between art and pornography, and so on.
After recognizing our sins, he should realize
that every little sin whatsoever undoubtedly noted and rewarded by Allah on the
Day of Judgment later. It may be that our sins are not taken into account that
will derail men into hell. Next, one must also be concerned if only he could no
longer repent, either because of his death or because it was bound by the shackles
of sin that he committed. Initially, it may be fun to try to sin, then repeat and
repeat again until finally trapped by sin and disobedience without being able
to break free again.
One thing is for sure, every sin sins will spawn
next. People who gamble
for example, if you win then it's a waste
of money with the other immorality, drunkenness or adultery. No way he
contributed to build
the mosque. Conversely, if he lost a bet he
could be a dark eye to violence, theft and even
murder.
Catwalk stairs next piety is raja' or the hope of abundant mercy of
God to His creatures. To foster this hope should we recognize every kindness. Know
what God commanded. Eat, drink, sleep, work, marital relationship, and so are
the things that everyday people do. Often people do it just because humanitarian
instincts without realizing that it is God's command. Therefore, we should realize
that God commanded us every kindness from the smallest thing to the largest. For
every goodness, God has provided bountifully rewarded. It could be that people
do not appreciate our good, but really God never waste the slightest kindness.
وَاصْبِرْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
"And be patient, for indeed, Allah does not allow to be lost the reward of those who do good."
The next rung muraqabatullah or supervisory experience God. The righteous are
always ready to welcome God's command. Anywhere and anytime. When alone and when
with others. They also leave any ugliness. Not muraqabah when people were only able to run good of time with a lot
of people and could no longer do it when alone. Likewise, when people could leave
the ugliness just as with many people, but dare to do it when alone.
Therefore, the scholars distinguish between the things that should be done openly and what
should be done in secret. Mandatory practice as
fard salat, zakat,
fasting Ramadan, close
the genitals, better even partially revealed it
to be seen by others. Instead, practice such
as prayer sunna sunna, sunna fasting, alms,
should be done secretly unless we believe that
it is for the propagation of
Islam and does not tarnish
our sincerity.
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