There are many achievements of Islamic
civilization of which are in the fields of art, literature, architecture, Mosaics, Arabic alphabet, Translation of ancient texts into Arabic, Algebra,
science, medicine, astronomy, etc.
Art
and Architecture
In the field of art, Muslims made so
many contributions to the realm. They beautify the word of Allah and the world
through calligraphy and architectural features. Originally calligraphic art was
used to beautify the Quran but moved away from beautifying texts to objects,
houses, mosques and eventually to architecture in general. The principal
Islamic architectural types are: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace, the Fort,
the School, and urban buildings.
Islamic architecture is known for its
soaring minarets and spires, its fabled domes, its decorated corridors. All
reflect the yearning of Muslims to improve and beautify the world as they place
their energies on buildings and their embellishment.
Astronomy
Islam also has the most significant
influence on the development of astronomy. The first Muslim caliph to pay attention to astronomy was the Abbasid
caliph, Abu Ja`far Al-Mansoor, who encouraged translators and gave them large
amounts of money. During his era, he paid very generously for translators, and
thus some astronomical books were translated into Arabic. The succeeding
caliphs continued in the way of Abu Ja`far in the dissemination of knowledge,
encouragement of the study of astronomy and mathematics, and in the translation
of the works of Euclid, Archimedes, and Ptolemy as well as other Greek
scientists.
Science
and Medicine
Scholars at the Islamic learning centers
also contributed to the scientific world. They dabbled in chemistry and
alchemy, and excelled in astronomy and medicine. They studied ideas from
Greece, Iran and Persia to improve scientific instruments, such as an astrolabe
for telling time. They refined earlier methods for recording scientific
observations, leading to accurate calculations for the movements of the sun and
the moon. As well as in medicine the medical sciences and related fields have
enjoyed great peaks in achievement through Muslim scholarship, which raised
both standards of practice and the status of the physician.
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